Japanese
https://mediasite.osu.edu/Mediasite/Catalog/catalogs/fll-japanese
Verbals
copula
| direct imperfect | direct perfect | distal imperfect | distal perfect | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| be | dà | datta | desu (です) | desita (でした) |
negation
gerund
The gerund can be used with kudasai to make requests. Ítte kudasai means "Please go!".
"consonant" verbs
The distal imperfect is derived from the direct imperfect by replaclng the -u suffix with a -imasu suffix.
The direct imperfect has one of the following endings: -Cu ending other than -ru; -oru or -uru ending except for the irregular verbs kuru and suru; a -Vu endings; an -aru ending except for five special polite verbs.
| direct imperfect | direct perfect | gerund | distal imperfect | distal perfect | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| be (inanimate) | âru | âtta | âtte | arimasu | arímàsita |
| walk | arûku | arukimasu | |||
| go | iku | itte | ikimasu | ||
| need; be required | iru | irimasu | |||
| eat; drink; accept | itadaku | itadaite | itadakimasu | ||
| return | kâeru | kaerimasu | |||
| be required | kakâru | kakárimàsu | |||
| write | kâku | kakimasu | |||
| buy | kau | katte | kaimasu | ||
| ask | kiku | kikimasu | |||
| be upset | komâru | komâtte | komárimàsu | ||
| (something) turns | magaru | magarimasu | |||
| go (home); come (home) | mâiru | mairimasu | |||
| wait | mâtu | matimasu | |||
| become | nâru | narimasu | |||
| request | negau | negaimasu | |||
| drink | nômu | nônde | nomimasu | ||
| be (animate) | ôru | orimasu | |||
| differ | tigau | tigatte | tigaimasu | ||
| come to a halt | tomaru | tomarimasu | |||
| use | tukau | tukatte | tukaimasu | ||
| make | tukûru | tukûtte | tukurimasu | ||
| understand | wakâru | wakatta | wakâtte | wakarimasu | wakarimasita |
| inquire | ukagau | ukagaimasu | |||
| call | yobu | yobimasu |
"vowel" verbs
The distal imperfect is derived from the direct imperfect by replacing the -ru suffix with a -masu suffix.
Verbs with -eru and -iru endings can be either "consonant verbs" or "vowel verbs". Which one must be memorized.
| direct imperfect | direct perfect | gerund | distal imperfect | distal perfect | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| be able; get finished | dekîru | dêkite | dekímàsu | ||
| be (animate) | iru | imasu | |||
| look at | mîru | mîsete | mimasu | ||
| show | misêru | misemasu | |||
| teach | osieru | osiemasu | |||
| eat | tabêru | tâbete | tabemasu | ||
| bring to a halt | tomeru | tomemasu | |||
| quit | yameru | yamemasu |
five special polite verbs
| direct imperfect | direct perfect | gerund | distal imperfect | distal perfect | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| to be (inanimate) | gozâru | gozáimàsu | |||
| to give to me | kudásàru | kudásàtte | kudásaimàsu | ||
| to go; come; be | irássyàru | irássyaimàsu |
two irregular verbs
| direct imperfect | direct perfect | gerund | distal imperfect | distal perfect | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| to come | kûru | kitê | kimâsu | ||
| to do | suru | site | simâsu |
Adjectivals
Nominals
Hiragana
Katakana
Kanji
page revision: 74, last edited: 10 Apr 2018 14:51
